Iranian health system has experienced several reforms in past decades, including establishment of primary healthcare network as well as the family physician program and the social protection scheme in rural areas. The new government, elected in June 2013, took health as the top priority and conducted health sector transformation plan (HSTP) on May 5, 2014, with the aims of improving health service quality in government hospitals, providing insurance to uninsured Iranians, and lowering out-of-pocket payments. Upon launch of the HSTP, it was welcomed both by patients and health care workers and public satisfaction rate increased to 75%. However, as the program progressed several obstacles emerged, mostly related to the Financial burden of the plan, lack of health-related (1) facilities and hospital beds, as well as overuse of services...